Intro
This document has been published by the Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries. Any representation, statement, opinion or advice expressed or implied in this publication is made in good faith and on the basis that the government, its employees and agents are not liable for any damage or loss whatsoever which may occur as a result of action taken, as the case may be, in respect of any representation, statement, opinion or advice referred herein. Professional advice should be obtained before applying the information contained in this document to particular circumstances.
This guide has been developed to improve the recruitment, retention and management of volunteers in volunteer-run State Sporting Associations. The guide is also relevant to sport and recreation clubs.
The term ‘organisation’ is used throughout the guide as a generic description for all the associations and clubs that may access the content.
The guide assumes that organisations accessing the information do not have internal human resource or volunteer coordination expertise and support.
Key to the success of developing a strong volunteer workforce is:
The guide provides practical advice that will support the development and implementation of policies and procedures for effective volunteer management.
The development of the guide has been informed by a range of existing material including:
The guide is built upon the foundation of Volunteering Australia’s formal definition that:
Volunteering is time willingly given for the common good and without financial gain.
Organisational culture is built upon the shared values, belief systems, attitudes and assumptions that people in an organisation share. Although each individual brings his or her own views influenced by environment and experiences, collectively people in an organisation can work together to create a shared culture.
By and large, it is the leadership and management of an organisation that defines the cultural requirements and provides the framework, cues and prompts that allow the people in an organisation to build and maintain the required culture.
In the paid workforce, the leadership and management of organisations encourage ‘positive workplace culture’ by defining vision and values, putting in place formal policies and procedures that encourage particular employee behaviours and reinforcing good practice through effective communication and clear commitment to the organisation’s goals and objectives.
Employees respond to a positive workplace culture through increased productivity and efficiency, better collaboration and teamwork, improvements in job satisfaction, better morale, loyalty and retention.
The principles that underpin the creation of a positive workplace culture in the paid workforce apply equally to organisations that rely on the efforts of unpaid volunteers.
Organisations that rely on the efforts of volunteers for the majority, if not all of their operation and activity need to create an appropriate organisational culture.
This need is captured in the first standard of the National Standards for Volunteer Involvement developed by Volunteering Australia which States:
The governing body and senior employees lead and promote a positive culture towards volunteering and implement effective management systems to support volunteer involvement.
Effective leadership ensures the aims and values of volunteer involvement are promoted within the organisation, and that there is clear accountability for the implementation of volunteer involvement.
Effective management ensures that processes and systems are in place to implement positive volunteer involvement.
Meeting this standard assists the organisation to provide clear direction and guidance for the work of volunteers, as well as understand and mitigate any risks related to involving volunteers.
For the organisations that are the focus of this guide, the first step in the creation of a volunteering culture is to ensure that all members understand the operational reliance on volunteers.
Without the combined efforts of volunteers, the organisation would not be able to operate.
The second step in the establishment of an appropriate culture is to ensure that members accept that membership brings with it an expectation of giving, contribution and commitment. The expectation should be that volunteer efforts are shared across the membership and not just carried by the few.
These initial steps position an organisation for the development of a culture that recognises volunteering as an expected and accepted part of membership.
Although the focus here is on organisations with State-wide responsibility, the principles also apply at the individual club level.
Membership of an organisation should provide access to activity, the services provided and participation in competition and events, but also an opportunity to contribute to the effective operation of the organisation through voluntary effort. This is a fundamental issue. Membership denotes belonging and ownership. The members belong to and own the organisation and as such should be encouraged to promote and support the organisation’s objectives.
Many volunteer-run sports and recreation organisations are operated by just a few key people who carry the load for the entire membership. A focus on a volunteering culture will spread the volunteer load across the entire membership.
The key to successful volunteering is to position and promote it as an inclusive activity that requires commitment and a contribution from all members.
It would be naïve to think that all members will be prepared to volunteer for the same type of activity or to commit the same amount of time and effort. However, it is not naïve to think that all members of an organisation should provide some level of commitment and some amount of time to support the organisation of which they are a member.
The intention should be to find everyone a job, or at least to get a commitment from all members that they are prepared to do a job. When an organisation creates the appropriate culture and puts in place the right processes and procedures to manage volunteer activity, there will be enough members available and every job will be allocated.
Establishing the right culture is the starting point for effective volunteering. An organisation should ensure the language used in relation to its membership clearly specifies “this is the way we do things around here” in relation to volunteering. At the point of joining, members should know that the organisation is managed and operated by volunteers and that without voluntary effort things would not get done.
The establishment of a volunteering culture as defined here focuses on organisations that are membership based and has not considered the involvement of volunteers who may give of their time without membership status.
However, if there are circumstances where volunteers make a contribution outside the membership arrangements the principles may still apply.
In summary:
Use appropriate language to reinforce volunteering expectations.
As already identified, the establishment of a strong volunteering culture within organisations will provide the foundation for the recruitment of volunteers.
For the organisations that are the focus of this guide, volunteer recruitment should in the first instance target members.
The recruitment approach will be dependent on the membership arrangements for individual organisations as defined in the Rules of Association (Constitution).
In some cases, membership will cover clubs or teams that participate in association competitions and events. In other cases, membership will extend to individuals involved in the activities of an organisation.
The starting point should be the establishment of a potential volunteer list created from individual members and/or the members of clubs and teams.
Where there is a requirement to extend the recruitment process beyond the membership there are a range of strategies that may be applied and these are defined in the list that follows.
A key consideration is to identify specific volunteer roles and positions and to define the skills and attributes required to effectively undertake these.
The following list identifies strategies for both member and non-member volunteer recruitment.
A simple explanation of volunteer management could be the process used to bring volunteers into an organisation, supporting them in their volunteering activity and replacing them with new volunteers when they leave.
Although the explanation is simple, it is the attention to detail that is required to ensure that all aspects of volunteer management and coordination are defined, integrated and implemented that can make it a complex and complicated process.
For sport and recreation organisations with small numbers of employees or that are fully dependent on the support of volunteers, the process can have another level of complexity because volunteers are required to manage volunteers.
It is important that organisations use an approach to volunteer management that covers the detail, deals with all aspects of the volunteer process and once established is easy to apply. This is important because the process will be managed mostly by volunteers who already commit their time to other aspects of running the organisation.
The information that follows sets out the essential elements of volunteer management and coordination.
As previously described, an organisation should ensure it creates, manages and maintains a positive volunteering culture that defines the organisation’s reliance on voluntary effort and states the importance of comprehensive membership giving, contribution and commitment.
The leadership of the organisation should actively promote volunteering as an inclusive, whole of membership activity and discourage the notion of a few key members carrying most of the load.
As previously described, an organisation should look within its membership for volunteers and extend its recruitment to external sources only when its volunteering needs cannot be supported by its members.
Volunteers should be recruited for specific and defined roles and formal documentation to describe the roles, responsibilities, skills and attributes should be developed and/or sourced to support the recruitment process.
The leadership of an organisation should utilise a range of strategies and approaches to raise profile, to promote their sport or recreational activity and to advertise the benefits of volunteering and the availability of various roles and positions.
Volunteer effort should be aligned to the operational needs of the organisation and also to the future requirements as defined by vision and in strategic plans.
Planning is simply deciding in advance what is to be done, when it will be done, where and how it will occur and who will be responsible for doing it.
Planning takes an organisation from where it is to where it wants to be.
In relation to volunteering, a useful approach is for an organisation to develop and implement a formal Volunteer Management Plan.
A Volunteer Management Plan contains all the details required to ensure current operations are dealt with and the strategies for future development are defined.
A typical plan should cover:
An example Volunteer Management Plan template is provided as Appendix 2 of this guide.
A formal orientation and induction process will ensure that volunteers understand their role and responsibilities within the organisation and have the knowledge to perform their voluntary role as required.
The leadership of an organisation is responsible for ensuring that all volunteers are properly inducted and have the necessary information, resources and knowledge to perform their role.
Orientation and induction also provide a benchmark for volunteer performance so that both the volunteer and the organisation can agree on expectations and the actions to be taken if there are issues with the level of performance.
There are two distinct components, a general induction and a specific orientation to the defined role or position.
The leadership of an organisation should identify training and development needs across the organisation and for specific volunteer roles and positions.
If external training support is required, programs and providers should be identified and steps taken to secure training places.
An allocation should be made in the annual budget for volunteer training. Where free training opportunities are available through government funded programs these should be identified and accessed.
Volunteer effort should be supported and volunteers should have access to:
Managing and coordinating all aspects of volunteer effort and ensuring the effective implementation of a Volunteer Management Plan is best dealt with through the appointment of a Volunteer Coordinator.
The Coordinator becomes the point of contact within the organisation for all volunteer effort and manages all the elements of volunteering previously defined.
Volunteer coordination is a paid position in many charitable and community based organisations, but is not typically a formal employed position in the sport and recreation sector as yet.
For the sport and recreation organisations that are the focus of this guide, it is unlikely that the role will be a paid position. However, it is an important role that requires substantial volunteer effort and as such organisations may want to consider the appointment of several volunteers to undertake the function collectively.
An example Volunteer Coordinator position description is provided in Appendix 1 of this guide.
There are three specific areas that need to be considered by organisations in relation to volunteer activity. These are:
Other national and State legislative matters associated with areas such as health and safety are dealt with elsewhere in this guide.
The following information has been sourced from the Government of Western Australia, Working with Children Check site.
The Working with Children (WWC) Check is a compulsory screening strategy in Western Australia for people who engage in certain paid or unpaid work with children, described as “child-related work” under the Working with Children (Criminal Record Checking) Act 2004.
Volunteer organisations have a number of obligations and responsibilities under the WWC Act and are required to ensure that all volunteers involved in child-related work have applied for or hold a valid WWC card before they commence child-related volunteer activity.
The definition of child-related work is broad and there is a range of categories that an organisation needs to be aware of. Coverage extends to the Board and Management Committee members of an organisation if the sport or recreational activity involves the participation of children.
Application for a WWC card is a personal responsibility. Individual volunteers are required to complete and lodge an application form. However, there is a requirement for an “authorised representative” of the organisation to complete and sign a section of the form prior to lodgement.
An organisation is required to keep records of WWC card holders and must be able to demonstrate compliance with the legislative requirements.
WWC cards are only valid for three years and organisations need to have in place procedures to ensure card renewal arrangements are applied.
Association and organisations should refer to Factsheet 18: WWC Checks in the Sport and Recreation Sector (PDF 257 KB) available from the Working with Children Check site.
The following information has been sourced from the Western Australian Police Force site.
A National Police Certificate (NPC) contains a list of a person’s disclosable court outcomes and pending charges from all Australian police jurisdictions. This may include traffic and non-police prosecuted matters.
Individuals apply for a certificate. This is common practice for employment reasons where proof is required that an applicant does not have a criminal history.
The Volunteer National Police Certificate arrangements provide the same level of information, but the application is made by an individual in connection with a volunteer organisation.
There is a formal process for volunteer organisations to become registered under the Volunteer National Police Certificate arrangements.
Once registered, an organisation is given access to a web-based portal that manages the data associated with all volunteer applications and approvals for the individual organisation.
To become registered an organisation must be:
The definition of eligible volunteers is that individuals receive no payment for work (except out of pocket expenses) and are involved in activities that provide a community service and are not part of an obligated work placement such as work experience.
Detailed information about applying for registered volunteer organisation status may be found at the Government of Western Australia Department of Communities site.
The following information has been sourced from the Government of Western Australia, Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety site.
The Associations Incorporation Act 2015 includes requirements to ensure that only suitable persons are responsible for running an incorporated association.
For organisations with incorporated status, the requirements of the Act are an important consideration in relation to the election and/or appointment of Board or Management Committee members.
Under the Act, a person is prohibited from sitting on the Board or Management Committee of an incorporated association where they:
It is the responsibility of each individual to ensure that they are eligible to act as a member of the Board or Management Committee.
An incorporated association can also take steps to ensure that the processes in place for the election/appointment of committee members meet the requirements of the Act and ensure that all members of the committee are eligible under the Act to hold their positions.
This may require an incorporated association to:
A checklist to support incorporated associations in relation to these matters is available for download.
Sport and recreation organisations with small numbers of employees or when an organisation is fully dependent on the support of volunteers should have formal documentation that sets out the requirements for volunteer conduct and behaviour.
The information that follows may also be applied at the individual club level.
A Volunteer Code of Conduct should set out the level of professional and ethical conduct, behaviours and intent expected of volunteers who are representing and working on behalf of an organisation in a formal capacity.
The code should apply to members of the Board or Management Committee of an organisation and to other key volunteer functions where individuals are engaged with members and/or external stakeholders while representing the organisation.
Typically, the code should have a clear statement of purpose that shows volunteers what is expected of them when representing the organisation.
A generic statement might be:
The purpose of this code of conduct is to:
The details of the code will be specific to each organisation, but generally they will cover matters such as:
For organisations where volunteers are actively involved in day-to-day operations, the code may extend to more detailed matters such as social media, email and internet usage.
Where volunteers are accessing membership information and data and using the organisation’s systems and resources for internal and external communications, there may be a requirement to include content in the code of conduct relevant to this area.
An organisation may want to consider content and statements such as:
Where volunteers are managing the day-to-day operations of an organisation there is a need for clear policies and procedures that define expected professional behaviour.
All sport and recreation activities in Australia rely on the efforts of an army of volunteers to support operations. Without volunteers there would be no organised sports competitions, events or recreational activity.
For the organisations that are the focus of this guide, the input and efforts of volunteers is even more critical given that most of the organisations have few if any paid employees.
Volunteers are the backbone of the sports and recreation industry and a significant source of social capital. For smaller sport and recreation organisations the unpaid work of volunteers is crucial to their operations and the effort to recruit, retain, recognise and reward volunteers is of strategic significance.
It is useful for organisations to consider the development of documentation, for example in a Volunteer Management Plan, that covers the following key elements:
The previous explanation about the importance of a volunteering culture supports the need for the development and implementation of volunteer recognition and reward strategies.
Recognition for individual volunteer effort is probably the most important element in the overall management of volunteers.
The simple act of recognising and acknowledging the work people put into an organisation will do more than almost any other action to motivate, enthuse and retain volunteers.
Recognition is a genuine and planned response that values the efforts and contribution made by volunteers. The extension of the recognition process is to provide a reward for the volunteering work. Rewards are tangible and meaningful actions that show volunteers that their efforts are recognised, valued and appreciated by the organisation.
Recognition and reward activities work best when they focus on individual effort, are personalised, varied and genuine.
Recognition and reward activities should be:
The list of recognition and reward activities is almost endless and is only limited by the imagination within the organisation and the resources available. Organisations may want to consider some of the following things:
Payment to volunteers is not generally regarded as part of an organisation’s recognition and reward strategy.
The foundation of the voluntary work upon which this guide is built is the Volunteering Australia definition that:
Volunteering is time willingly given for the common good and without financial gain
However, there may be occasions where an organisation wants to make a payment to a volunteer in recognition of work done, to reimburse expenses or as an honorarium – a reward for voluntary or professional services rendered.
The Associations Incorporation Act 2015 allows for the members of an incorporated association to be reimbursed for any out of pocket expenses relating to the affairs of the association. It is normal to request that the member provide evidence of the payment such as a receipt before the refund is paid.
Where an organisation wants to pay a member an honorarium for a service they provide, there is a requirement to define the reason for payment. The Act does not refer directly to honorariums, but general payments to members cannot be used as a way of distributing the income of the association. Any payments must satisfy the specifications in the Rules of Association (Constitution).
As a general rule, payments to volunteers are not regarding as assessable income for taxation purposes if they have some or all of the following characteristics:
Where an organisation makes regular, ongoing payments to volunteers there is a need to seek formal professional legal and/or financial advice about the impact of these payments on employment status and taxation.
All organised sports and recreation activities in Western Australia rely on the efforts of volunteers. Without volunteers weekend games, matches, events and competitions would not take place, mid-week training sessions would not be held and there would be no army of parents, family members and friends who willingly give of their time to manage, coach, administer and organise sporting activity.
Volunteers involved in sport and recreation organisations are the foundation of the sports and recreation industry and provide the State with a significant source of social capital.
However, not all members of organisations volunteer and not all people recognise the benefits of volunteering.
Research conducted by the Australian Sports Commission that resulted in the 2014 report into volunteering, Volunteers – Market Segmentation, identified different categories of volunteers and the motivations that drive the different categories.
The research identified that nearly 70% of sports and recreation organisation volunteers are actively involved in support of family members because they enjoy the social interaction and connections from being involved in a voluntary organisation.
The report described the categories as ‘Happy Helpers’, those people who willingly give of their time to support children and other family members who participate and the ‘Community Committed’, individuals who get real enjoyment from their voluntary effort and are strongly connected to the objectives of the organisation. In both categories, it was likely that the volunteering extended beyond a single organisation.
The report identified a number of other categories including groups of people who do not ordinarily volunteer, but there are categories additional to the ‘Happy Helpers’ and the ‘Community Committed’ who will volunteer and who understand the benefits and this is where organisations should focus recruitments efforts. These included, individuals identified as:
In all categories, there are clear benefits to both the organisation and the individual from more volunteering.
It is clear that without volunteers most sports would cease to operate, so the direct benefit to the sport organisations is obvious, but what is the benefit to the individual volunteer?
There is a significant amount of evidence from research conducted over many years that shows the health and social benefits of volunteering. In general, volunteers have a strong sense of community, enjoy the company of the people they interact with for a common purpose, enjoy better physical and mental health and get a sense of satisfaction from their volunteering work.
Those individuals who volunteer in sport and recreation organisations are also more likely to live healthy lifestyles.
Volunteering in sport is often linked to the activities of children and as such parents, siblings and extended family members who volunteer report that it is one of the most rewarding things they can do as a family.
Volunteering delivers a positive contribution that supports local community organisations and provides the individual volunteer with a range of positive experiences.
A volunteer will:
Sports and recreation organisations are an essential part of the social fabric. Organisations provide an opportunity for individuals and groups within a community to actively engage in physical and mentally stimulating activity and competition.
Sport promotes participation and healthy competition and local associations and clubs become a focal point for community development.
The effort of volunteers in supporting local associations and clubs provides significant community benefit, including:
All organisations have a responsibility to provide a safe, supportive and inclusive workplace for employees. This responsibility extends to volunteers.
For sport and recreation organisations with few if any employees, there is a need to ensure that policies and procedures deal with all aspects of the work environment and extend to cover the activities of Board and Management Committee members and other key volunteers undertaking formal and defined work on behalf of the organisation.
Standard 6 of the National Standards for Volunteer Involvement developed by Volunteering Australia States:
The health, safety and wellbeing of volunteers is protected in the workplace.
Workplace safety and wellbeing ensures that the organisation includes volunteers in its health and safety procedures, and recognises its duty of care to volunteers.
Meeting this standard assists the organisation to meet its obligations for the health and safety of volunteers, manage risk and provide a supportive and responsive workplace for volunteers.
There is a requirement that all volunteers working with or involved in the activities of an organisation must not encounter bullying, harassment, intimidation or victimisation on the basis of gender, race, colour, ethnicity, sexual orientation, marital status, religion or belief, age or disability.
Organisations should take steps to create an operating environment in which the individual characteristics and differences of volunteers and the contribution they make are recognised and valued.
An organisation should consider:
An organisation may also want to include other work related safety and wellbeing issues such as alcohol and substance abuse in a Volunteer Code of Conduct as previously described.
Although it is unlikely that the organisations that are the focus of this guide will have the internal capacity to deal with drug and substance abuse by volunteers involved with the organisation’s activity, there is a need to define a policy about how this issue will be dealt with.
An organisation may want to specify that it will:
There is a range of federal and State legislation covering workplace health and safety that extends to cover the work undertaken by volunteers on behalf of an organisation.
Organisations are required to ensure that they have in place systems to manage workplace safety obligations.
There are two elements of workplace safety an organisation needs to understand and act upon. These relate to negligence and work health and safety (also known as occupational health and safety or OHS).
There are two element of workplace negligence. Firstly, there is the organisation’s responsibility for the safety of the volunteer and, secondly, the safety of those people the volunteer is engaging and working with such as other volunteers, members of the organisation and members of the general public.
An organisation is required to understand its duty of care to volunteers and the standard of care that needs to be satisfied so that volunteers, the organisation and the people that the organisation interacts with are protected.
Legislation related to workplace health and safety (the provision of a safe working environment) is complex and there are definitions about workplaces and employed persons that do not extend to all volunteer activity.
In essence, there is a requirement for an organisation to:
When hazards, risks and measures have been identified, an organisation may need to provide the following as part of its workplace health and safety strategy:
Organisations may access detailed information on all aspects of the provision of a safe workplace for volunteers, with a particular emphasis on the legal obligations an organisation has to its volunteers by consulting the National Volunteer Guide.
Organisations may also want to seek formal professional advice about their workplace safety obligations in relation to volunteers undertaking work on behalf of the organisation.
There are numerous ways conflicts may arise with the sport and recreation environment and organisations should have in place procedures designed to deal with and resolve conflict situations informally and as soon as they arise. Early intervention and open communication will benefit all parties in the conflict. Every effort should be made to find a resolution that satisfies all parties before escalating the matter to a more formal process.
When a conflict situation becomes a complaint or disciplinary matter, there is a requirement that an organisation has in place a formal complaint and dispute resolution process.
The Associations Incorporation Act 2015 requires all incorporated associations to define a procedure in the Rules of Association (Constitution) about how disputes and complaints will be dealt with.
Regardless of the need for formal procedures, the starting point for an organisation reliant on the efforts of its volunteers for its operation should be the adoption of management and communication practices based on mutual respect.
Board or Management Committee members and volunteers should adopt practices that encourage open and honest communication, cooperation and collaboration.
Organisations may want to consider the adoption of the following principles:
For organisations that rely on volunteers, the adoption of the principles as described above and prevention using the culture, coordination and conduct advice previously described in this guide, is the best way of dealing with concerned or disgruntled volunteers.
However, where issues do arise it is essential that an organisation has in place clear procedures that can be readily applied with fairness for the individuals involved and in the best interests of the organisation and its members.
When unambiguous and transparent arrangements are in place, it is likely that most issues may be resolved by dealing directly with the individuals involved rather than progressing the matter to a formal complaint.
It is only when a Board or Management Committee fails to deal openly with volunteer concerns and ignores the issues that relatively minor concerns can escalate.
Organisations should consider the following:
When a complaint or dispute moves beyond informal discussion and the formal complaint and dispute resolution process is activated, both the volunteer making the complaint and the Board or Management Committee members should recognise that their behaviour throughout the process will play a major part in the outcome.
At the conclusion of the process, the complainant and the organisation will need to move on and, as such, the best interests of the organisation and the interests of all of its members need to be protected.
Individuals involved in the process should be mindful of the following:
Volunteers lodging a complaint need to:
Board and Management Committee members managing the complaint and dispute resolution process need to:
For incorporated associations reference should be made to the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety publication ‘INC – A Guide for Incorporated Associations in Western Australia’ and the section on resolving complaints and disputes. The guide is available at; www.commerce.wa.gov.au
Succession planning is the process of identifying and developing key people in an organisation so they can replace others when they leave, or identifying people external to the organisation who could be recruited to fill roles when people depart.
Properly applied, the succession process should create a pool of capable and experienced people who are prepared and available to move into positions as they become vacant.
The desired outcome is that an organisation will be sustainable with continuity and certainty around its operations and will be positioned for continued and/or greater success, growth and improvement.
In the commercial world, succession planning – particularly for Board positions and senior management roles – is a structured, detailed and comprehensive process.
In organisations dependent on the efforts of volunteers, the application of succession planning principles is more problematic.
It is harder to find the time to focus on future needs and the volunteers required to attend to these needs, when most of the available time is spent managing the operations of the organisation.
However, it is important that the organisations that are the focus of this guide take the time to think about succession and the transition of volunteers to replace departing volunteers.
The process may not be as detailed as those used in the commercial world, but there is still a need for structure and formality and it is the responsibility of Board and Management Committee members to plan for the future in the best interests of their members.
Although it may seem like an obvious statement, an organisation needs to know what roles, positions and jobs need to be filled and completed before it looks to recruit volunteers to do that work.
For most of the organisations that are the focus of this guide, the roles and jobs that need to be considered in relation to succession are Board and Management Committee positions – President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer – and any other key volunteer roles that are essential to efficient operation.
Finding people to take on volunteer roles can be a challenge, but the culture, coordination and conduct information described elsewhere in this guide is designed to position an organisation so that volunteer recruitment becomes less difficult.
It is important to get the culture, coordination and conduct components right first.
When the structure is right and the culture, coordination and conduct principles are being applied, the recruitment, succession and transition processes will be easier to implement.
The information on volunteer recruitment provided elsewhere in this guide applies to the filling of Board or Management Committee positions.
An organisation should analyse the details of all of its key volunteer roles and develop an accurate picture of the skills and attributes required for the effective leadership and management of the organisation.
Details should be captured and documented in formal position descriptions for all Board or Management Committee positions and any other key volunteer roles that are essential for effective operation.
Organisations should:
There will always be succession and transition difficulties for smaller sport and recreation organisations that rely almost exclusively on the efforts of volunteers. The aim is to reduce the level of difficulty and to establish an organisational culture and adopt practices that make the volunteering efforts easier and more enjoyable.
Organisations need to be proactive and to look at ways of bringing in new talent.
Organisations may want to consider the following key elements are part of their organisational focus:
Ensure that there is a clear strategic direction for the organisation, preferably documented in a formal strategic plan. Work out where the organisation is heading, figure out the best way to get there and ensure there is the capacity, skills and attributes to get there.
Work towards a model that values continuity of systems, policies, processes and procedures. Individual volunteers will come and go, but the structures and frameworks inside an organisation should be strong and should be maintained regardless of personality. Work out what needs to be done and who needs to do it to maintain the effective operation of the organisation.
Every role, position and job in an organisation adds value. There are obviously some roles that require a greater commitment of time or a broader set of skills, but collectively all the volunteer effort is required to ensure effective operation. There is no room for misguided ego. Every job and all work can be done by others.
The first place to look for new volunteers and for people to succeed into key organisational roles is internally. Look for enthusiastic and willing members. Develop culture, coordination and conduct principles that will encourage greater volunteer involvement.
There is always room for new talent and if the Rules of Association (Constitution) allows for appointed members an organisation should look outside for the skills, attributes and experience that they do not have.
A key element of organisational leadership and management is the identification and management of risk. Prepare for the unexpected. Ensure that there is a repository of internal knowledge that understands the organisation’s systems, policies, processes and procedures. Share the load.
The content of this guide is designed to assist smaller sport and recreation organisations that rely mostly on the efforts of volunteers for governance, management and general operations.
The intention of the guide is to ensure organisations have the information necessary to secure the volunteer workforce they need and put tools in place to guarantee good work practices.
Although the circumstances and context of each organisation will influence the outcomes, if properly applied the information in the guide will produce positive results.
The checklist that follows will allow an organisation to measure its current situation against the various components of the guide and to identify areas for improvement or development.
Please take the time to assess the current situation at your organisation when measured against the items in the checklist.
Your honest appraisal will allow you to identify areas where work is required and highlight issues where your organisation may need to source additional information or seek further advice, assistance and support.
Volunteering culture — reliance on volunteers is clearly stated and understood
Volunteering culture — there is an expectation that membership requires giving and contribution
Volunteer recruitment — the scale and scope of volunteer work is known
Volunteer recruitment — there is formal documentation to cover key volunteer roles
Volunteer recruitment — processes are in place to identify and recruit volunteers
Volunteer management — volunteer activity is aligned to strategic direction
Volunteer management — there are formal training and development processes in place
Volunteer management — volunteer effort is effectively coordinated
Compliance and regulation — all legal and legislative obligations are understood
Compliance and regulation — processes are in place to manage obligations
Volunteer conduct — the expectations on behaviour and conduct are known and stated
Volunteer conduct — there is a formal Code of Conduct in place
Recognition and reward — formal processes are in place to recognise and reward volunteer effort
Safe and inclusive workplace — formal policies and procedures are in place
Safe and inclusive workplace — practical safety systems and processes are in place
Complaints — a formal process is in place
Complaints — volunteers are fully informed about the formal process
Succession — the need for formal succession and transition is understood
Succession — a formal plan and documentation is in place
The President plays a key leadership role in the organisation and has overall responsibility for the governance, management and administration.
The President sets the overall annual committee agenda (consistent with the views of members), helps the Board of Management Committee prioritise its goals and then keeps the Board/Committee on track by working within that overall framework. At the operational level, the major function of the President is to facilitate effective committee meetings.
Responsible to the President is elected by the members and responsible for representing the views of the members. The President is accountable to the members and Board/Committee of the organisation. At committee meetings, the President should report on operations.
The Vice President plays a key leadership role in the organisation and supports the President in the governance, management and administration of the organisation.
The Vice President assists the President to set the overall annual committee agenda (consistent with the views of members), helps the Board of Management Committee prioritise its goals and supports the other members of the Board/Committee to keep on track and to work within the overall framework.
At the operational level, the major function of the Vice President is support the President and to stand in for all official duties and activities when the President is unavailable.
Responsible to the Vice President is elected by the members and responsible for representing the views of the members. The Vice President is accountable to the President, other Board or Management Committee members and the general membership of the organisation. At committee meetings when the President is unavailable, the Vice President should report on operations.
The Secretary is the chief administration officer. This person provides the coordinating link between members, the Board or Management Committee and outside agencies.
Responsible to the Secretary is directly responsible to the President and the members of the organisation
The Treasurer is the chief financial management officer for the organisation. The Treasurer oversees all of the finances of the club and may chair the Finance Committee.
Responsible to the Treasurer is directly responsible to the President and the members for the financial management of the organisation.
The role of the Volunteer Coordinator is to recruit, support and recognise volunteers throughout the organisation.
Responsible to the President and the other Board of Management Committee members and the overall membership of the organisation.
An effective Board or Management Committee is comprised of people with an appropriate range of skills. In general they should posses the following qualities:
The responsibilities of a General Committee member are to support the formal office holders and to show collective leadership with regard to:
For purposes of this plan, a volunteer will be defined as a person or persons who are performing a role defined by the organisation. This definition is aligned with Volunteering Australia’s definition of volunteering which is ‘time willingly given for the common good and without financial gain’.
The roles performed may include one-off and on-going activities, but this does not negate the valuable contribution of all volunteer roles. Without each volunteer, an organisation would not be able to function successfully.
This document is meant to be read in conjunction with the policies and procedures of the organisation and should give proper consideration to the content of volunteer position descriptions.
This Volunteer Management Plan (VMP) has been written to support a positive volunteering culture.
The plan prioritises the organisation goals and identifies the key strategies to be implemented.
The purpose of the plan is to:
The following diagram illustrates the phases of the Volunteer Cycle in regard to the activity undertaken by a volunteer. The cycle provides a framework for volunteer management and should be monitored and reviewed as appropriate.
The plan will specifically target each of the areas of the Volunteer Cycle. It is important to note that not all phases of the Volunteer Cycle will be relevant to all volunteer roles. The level of involvement from a volunteer and the role they perform will determine which phases of the cycle they will go through.
The vision of the organisation will be accomplished through the contribution of volunteers.
(Insert vision statement)
In order to effectively manage volunteers and the relationship between volunteers and any paid staff, the organisation has the following policies and procedures in place:
(Insert policies and procedures)
Recruitment is the process of attracting new volunteers to the organisation. However, it can also include finding new roles for existing volunteers.
The methods of recruitment currently used by the association/organisation include:
(Insert methods)
The method(s) used will vary based on the requirements of the role. During the induction process, a full role description will be provided to each volunteer.
Where applicable, prospective volunteers will apply for the role they are interested in.
Applicants will be assessed based on experience, skills, and training relevant to the role.
Depending on the role, applicants may also be required to obtain a Police Clearance Certificate and/or Working with Children’s Check. The cost of these checks will be borne by the organisation.
All volunteers are expected to sign a copy of their position description indicating that they are equipped for the duties expected of them and agree to the responsibilities of their role. In addition to agreeing to the provided position description, all volunteers should be provided with a copy of all organisation policies and procedures. Upon reading the policies and procedures, the volunteer should also sign a form stating that they have read the policies and procedures and agree to adhere to them.
The expectations outlined for volunteers will include details such as:
(Insert details)
The organisational chart for the association/organisation is shown below.
The orientation process allows volunteers to become familiar with the organisation and the key information involved in being a part of it. This process also ensures that the organisation is able to outline clear expectations of volunteers, including behaviour and attitudes.
Induction for volunteers will vary based on the position.
For ongoing positions, the contact person for volunteers is:
(insert the Volunteer Coordinator details).
The Volunteer Coordinator will meet with the volunteer formally and ensure that all appropriate paperwork is completed. For one-off event volunteering, the contact person for volunteers may vary based on the event. An induction will take place on the day of the event or arranged prior with the designated volunteer coordinator for that event.
Volunteers will be offered training and development opportunities, as available. These opportunities will be presented as a means of assisting volunteers in better performing their roles and developing their skills.
If there is a different volunteer role within the organisation that a volunteer is interested in, reasonable effort will be made to up-skill or train the volunteer for that role. An organisation may not be aware at all times of all available training opportunities and as such, volunteers are both encouraged and supported to independently seek out training, educational, and development opportunities for themselves.
The contribution of all volunteers to the organisation is highly valued. Given that a key to volunteer retention is appropriate recognition, every effort will be made to thank volunteers and recognise their contribution.
Currently, appreciation is shown to volunteers using the following strategies:
(Insert strategies)
In providing recognition for volunteers’ contribution, we will adhere to the following guidelines on providing feedback on volunteer performance. The organisation will be:
Volunteer roles will be for an agreed length of time based on the role. For example, a Board PR Management Committee member may be designated for a role for two years, but a coach or team manager may be needed for one year or one season. The length of service will be agreed with the volunteer upon commencement and included in their position description.
When the end of the agreed time arrives, a review will be done to determine if the volunteer will remain in the role for another term or if a new volunteer will fill the position. This allows the volunteer to comfortably step out of their role, if they so desire. This also allows the organisation to move a new volunteer into the role if a situation should arise that requires the current occupant of the role to cease volunteering.
An annual review will be conducted which enables feedback to be given both from the volunteer and the organisation. The review process helps to ensure that the volunteer will continue to perform to the best of their ability and the organisation provides the best possible support.
At all times of the Volunteer Cycle, the organisation’s Board/Committee and employees (if applicable) will ensure that they are approachable and communication is open. However, it is important to ensure that the Volunteer Coordinator is kept as the primary contact for volunteers and informed of relevant communication between other organisation office holders and employees.
Should a volunteer choose to cease volunteering with the organisation they will be asked for the reasons they are no longer volunteering. While in many cases the reason(s) may be unavoidable, the explanation may help the organisation to improve its volunteer program by identifying gaps in the Volunteer Management Program and in monitoring the support given to volunteers.
This feedback will be gathered, when possible, during a formal exit interview. This will help ensure that the volunteer completes their role in a positive manner and the organisation can plan for the continuation of the role they were performing.
The following mechanisms are in place for volunteer succession planning:
(Insert mechanisms)
The following table reflects the items identified throughout this plan that require action to implement. By identifying the individual actions needed and assigning responsibility for those actions, the organisation will be able to improve its volunteering program.
Phase in cycle
Brief descriptionof actionrequired
Individualresponsible for implementation
Other person(s) involved
Completion Date
Notes
Policies and procedures
Grievance Policy
Secretary
Vice-president
End of year
For review and Board approval
Orientation and Induction
Update of current Induction process
Nominated Committee members – Working Group
NIL
Two months from commencement
Insert others as required